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KMID : 0364820130490030221
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Korean Journal of Microbiology
2013 Volume.49 No. 3 p.221 ~ p.227
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The Roles of Immune Regulatory Factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 in Chronic Viral Infection
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Cho Hyo-Sun
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Abstract
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause viral infections
that lead to chronic diseases. When they invade human body, virus specific T cells play an important role in antiviral
effector functions including killing virus-infected cells and helping B cells to produce specific antibodies against viral proteins. The antiviral activity of T cells is usually affected by immune-regulatory factors that express on surface of T cells. Recently, many researchers have investigated the relationship between effector functions of virus specific T cells and characteristics of immune regulatory factors (e.g., CD28, CD25, CD45RO, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4). In particular, Immune inhibitory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are associated with T-cell dysfunction. They are shown to be up-regulated in chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, the positive correlation between viral persistence and expression of immune regulatory factors (FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4) has been suggested. In this review, the roles of immune regulatory factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 were discussed in chronic viral diseases such as HIV, HBV, or HCV.
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KEYWORD
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CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4), FoxP3 (forkhead box P3), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), PD-1 (programmed death-1)
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